V-ます・動詞ます形・どうしますけい
The ます-form is a polite conjugation of Japanese verbs. It is used primarily in formal situations and is essential for polite speech in everyday conversations, writing, and formal communications.
The ます-form serves several functions in Japanese:
The ます-form is derived from the dictionary form of the verb by replacing the final suffix with ます. The way the verb is changed depends on its group classification.
For first group verbs, you change the last sound of the verb's dictionary form to the corresponding sound in the ます-form.
Verb Ending | ます-form Ending | Example (Dictionary Form) | Example (ます-form) |
---|---|---|---|
~う | → ~います | 会う(あう)→ 会います(あいます) | |
~つ | → ~ちます | 持つ(もつ)→ 持ちます(もちます) | |
~る | → ~ります | 取る(とる)→ 取ります(とります) | |
~む | → ~みます | 飲む(のむ)→ 飲みます(のみます) | |
~ぬ | → ~にます | 死ぬ(しぬ)→ 死にます(しにます) | |
~ぶ | → ~びます | 遊ぶ(あそぶ)→ 遊びます(あそびます) | |
~く | → ~きます | 書く(かく)→ 書きます(かきます) | |
~ぐ | → ~ぎます | 泳ぐ(およぐ)→ 泳ぎます(およぎます) | |
~す | → ~します | 話す(はなす)→ 話します(はなします) |
For second group verbs, simply remove the final 「る」 and add 「ます」.
Verb Ending | ます-form Ending | Example (Dictionary Form) | Example (ます-form) |
---|---|---|---|
~る | → ~ます | 食べる(たべる)→ 食べます(たべます) | |
見る(みる)→ 見ます(みます) |
The two main irregular verbs are 「する」 and 「来る(くる)」, which change as follows:
Verb | ます-form Ending | Example (Dictionary Form) | Example (ます-form) |
---|---|---|---|
する | → します | する → します | |
来る(くる) | → 来ます(きます) | 来る(くる)→ 来ます(きます) |
Here are examples demonstrating the ます-form in various contexts:
Using the ます-form to describe an action:
Using the ます-form for requests:
Using the ます-form to express opinions:
Using the ます-form to describe facts:
Using the ます-form to state future actions:
The ます-form is a crucial aspect of Japanese verb conjugation, essential for polite conversation. By mastering its formation and usage, learners can effectively communicate in various social situations. Understanding how to conjugate different types of verbs into their ます-form will enhance one's ability to engage in polite and formal Japanese.