V-させる・動詞使役形・どうししえきけい
The causative form in Japanese indicates making someone do something or allowing someone to do something. It expresses command, permission, coercion, or request in sentences.
The causative form varies depending on the type of verb.
For Group 1 verbs, replace the final syllable of the verb with its corresponding "a-row" sound and add 「せる」.
| Verb Ending | Causative Form Ending | Example (Dictionary Form) | Example (Causative Form) |
|---|---|---|---|
| ～う | → ～わせる | 会う (あう) | 会わせる (あわせる) |
| ～つ | → ～たせる | 持つ (もつ) | 持たせる (もたせる) |
| ～る | → ～らせる | 取る (とる) | 取らせる (とらせる) |
| ～む | → ～ませる | 飲む (のむ) | 飲ませる (のませる) |
| ～ぬ | → ～なせる | 死ぬ (しぬ) | 死なせる (しなせる) |
| ～ぶ | → ～ばせる | 遊ぶ (あそぶ) | 遊ばせる (あそばせる) |
| ～く | → ～かせる | 書く (かく) | 書かせる (かかせる) |
| ～ぐ | → ～がせる | 泳ぐ (およぐ) | 泳がせる (およがせる) |
| ～す | → ～させる | 話す (はなす) | 話させる (はなさせる) |
For Group 2 verbs, remove the final 「る」 from the verb and add 「させる」.
| Verb Ending | Causative Form Ending | Example (Dictionary Form) | Example (Causative Form) |
|---|---|---|---|
| ～る | → ～させる | 食べる (たべる) | 食べさせる (たべさせる) |
| 見る (みる) | 見させる (みさせる) |
Irregular verbs follow specific causative form patterns:
| Verb | Causative Form | Example (Dictionary Form) | Example (Causative Form) |
|---|---|---|---|
| する | → させる | する | させる |
| 来る (くる) | → 来させる | 来る (くる) | 来させる (こさせる) |
Here are some examples of how the causative form is used in different contexts:
Command:
Permission:
Coercion:
Request:
Obligation:
The causative form is an essential structure in Japanese for expressing commands, permissions, and requests. Understanding how to form and use the causative will help improve the accuracy and fluency of daily conversations.