〜く・に動詞

used to transform adjectives and nouns into adverbs

1. Overview

In Japanese, the expressions "〜く" and "〜に" are used to transform adjectives and nouns into adverbs, allowing them to modify verbs. The choice between "〜く" and "〜に" depends on the type of word being modified.

2. Structure

• Grammar Structure:

  • い形容词 (i-adjectives):

    • Remove the final い (i) and add く (ku).
      • Example: 高い (takai) → 高く (takaku) (high → highly)

  • な形容词 (na-adjectives):

    • Add に (ni) after the adjective.
      • Example: 静か (shizuka) → 静かに (shizuka ni) (quiet → quietly)

  • 名词 (nouns):

    • Add に (ni) after the noun.
      • Example: 日本 (Nihon) → 日本に (Nihon ni) (Japan → to Japan)

3. Usage Explanation

• Connection:

  • Both "〜く" and "〜に" are used to modify verbs, creating adverbial phrases. The modified verb then expresses the manner or direction of the action.

• Usage:

  • い形容词: Used to modify verbs by describing the manner in which the action is performed.

    • Example: 彼は速く走る。
      (He runs quickly.)

  • な形容词: Used similarly to describe how an action is performed.

    • Example: 彼女は静かに話す。
      (She speaks quietly.)

  • 名词: Indicates the direction or target of an action.

    • Example: 学校に行く。
      (I go to school.)

4. Example Sentences

1. 彼は速く走ります。
   (He runs quickly.)

2. 彼女は静かに勉強しています。
   (She is studying quietly.)

3. 公園に行きます。
   (I will go to the park.)

4. その子は上手にピアノを弾きます。
   (That child plays the piano skillfully.)

5. 彼は注意深く運転しています。
   (He drives carefully.)

5. Summary

The expressions "〜く" and "〜に" are essential for forming adverbs from adjectives and nouns in Japanese. Understanding how to use them enhances the ability to describe actions in a more nuanced manner, making communication clearer and more effective.