まだ〜ていない

still; not yet

1. Overview

The structure "まだ〜ていない" is used in Japanese to indicate that an action has not yet been completed or a certain state has not yet been achieved. It emphasizes that something still has not occurred, often conveying a sense of expectation or waiting.

2. Structure

• Grammar Structure:

  • まだ + Verb (て-form) + いない

• Explanation:

  • This structure combines "まだ" (meaning "still" or "not yet") with the て-form of a verb and "いない" (which means "not present" or "not done"), indicating that the action has not been completed at the current moment.

3. Usage Explanation

• Connection:

  • This structure attaches to the て-form of a verb, expressing that the action has not occurred by the present moment.

• Usage:

  • Commonly used in everyday conversation to inform others that a specific action has not yet taken place.

• Translation:

  • It is usually translated as "not yet (done)" or "still (not done)."

4. Example Sentences

1. まだ食べていない。
   (I haven't eaten yet.)

2. 宿題はまだ終わっていない。
   (The homework is not finished yet.)

3. 彼はまだ帰っていない。
   (He hasn't come home yet.)

4. 映画をまだ見ていない。
   (I still haven't seen that movie.)

5. まだそれを知らない。
   (I still don't know about that.)

5. Notes

• Context:

  • This structure is typically used to express the unfinished state of an action and is often used in response to questions.

• Emphasis:

  • Using "まだ" adds a sense of expectation or waiting to the unfinished action.

6. Summary

"まだ〜ていない" is an expression used to indicate that an action has not yet been completed, emphasizing the unfinished state of an action in everyday conversation. It is widely used in Japanese to express anticipation regarding actions that have not yet taken place.