〜のに

although...; even though...; despite...

1. Overview

「〜のに」 is a conjunction in Japanese used to express contrast or unexpected situations, indicating that although the preceding condition is true, the following result is contrary to expectations. It often conveys disappointment, confusion, or criticism.

2. Structure

Structure	Example	Translation
Verb (dictionary form) + のに	行くのに、忘れ物をした。	I was going, but I forgot something.
i-adjective (dictionary form) + のに	高いのに、買ってしまった。	It was expensive, but I bought it anyway.
na-adjective (dictionary form) + のに	元気なのに、寝ている。	Although healthy, I am sleeping.
Noun + のに	学生なのに、勉強しない。	Although a student, I don’t study.

3. Usage Explanation

Connection:
- 「のに」 follows the dictionary form of verbs, adjectives, and nouns to connect a condition with an unexpected result.
Usage:
- This structure is commonly used in both spoken and written Japanese, emphasizing unexpected or contrasting situations.
Translation:
- It is generally translated as "although...," "even though...," or "despite...".

4. Example Sentences

お金がないのに、旅行に行くつもりです。
(Although I have no money, I intend to travel.)
勉強したのに、試験に落ちた。
(Even though I studied, I failed the exam.)
忙しいのに、手伝ってくれた。
(Even though I was busy, they helped me.)
彼は日本語が上手なのに、話さない。
(He is good at Japanese, but he doesn't speak.)
学生なのに、授業に出ない。
(Although I am a student, I don't attend class.)

5. Similar Grammar

〜のに対して: Used to indicate contrast, emphasizing two opposing situations.
- Example: 彼は忙しいのに対して、私は暇です。(He is busy, while I am free.)
〜ても: Indicates concession, suggesting that even if the preceding situation occurs, the following result may differ.
- Example: お金があっても、買いたくない。(Even if I have money, I don't want to buy it.)

6. Notes

Tone:
- 「のに」 is often used to express disappointment or confusion, so pay attention to the context in which it is used.
Usage Occasions:
- It can be used in everyday conversation and formal situations, but the tone should be adjusted according to the relationship with the conversation partner.

7. Summary

The 「〜のに」 structure is used in Japanese to express unexpected situations and contrasts, effectively emphasizing the contradictory relationship between two clauses. It is very common in daily conversation and can effectively convey emotions and attitudes.