〜てしまった

already...; finished...; unintentionally...

1. Overview

The expression "〜てしまった" in Japanese is used to indicate that an action has been completed or that something has accidentally happened. It often emphasizes the final result of an action or the unexpected nature of an event.

2. Structure

• Grammar Structure:

  • Verb (て-form) + しまった
  • Verb (て-form) + しまう (common spoken form)

• Explanation: This structure is typically used to express the completion of an action, which may carry a tone of regret or misfortune.

3. Usage Explanation

• Connection: It is commonly used in both spoken and written language to reflect on a past action or emotion.

• Translation: It is generally translated as "already...," "finished...," or "unintentionally...".

4. Example Sentences

1. 宿題を忘れてしまった。
   I accidentally forgot my homework.

2. 大切な書類を失くしてしまった。
   I lost an important document.

3. 映画を見てしまったので、ネタバレを聞いてしまった。
   I have watched the movie, so I accidentally heard the spoilers.

4. お金を全部使ってしまった。
   I have already spent all the money.

5. 会議に遅れてしまった。
   I accidentally arrived late to the meeting.

5. Alternative Grammar

• 〜てしまう: In some contexts, it can indicate completion of an action without emphasizing the consequences.
  • Example: 忘れ物をしてしまう。
    I accidentally forgot something.

6. Related Grammar

• 〜ている: Used to indicate the ongoing state of an action.
  • Example: 今、勉強している。
    I am currently studying.

7. Notes

• Context: The expression "〜てしまった" is often used to express regret, lamentation, or helplessness, suitable for various contexts.

• Tone: This expression usually carries a slightly negative emotional connotation, emphasizing the irreversible nature of an action.

8. Summary

"〜てしまった" is a grammatical structure used to emphasize that an action has been completed or something has unexpectedly occurred. It is commonly used to reflect emotions about past events and is appropriate in both spoken and written language, effectively conveying emotional nuance.