謙譲形・けんじょうけい
The humble form (謙譲形) in Japanese is a grammatical structure used to express humility and politeness about oneself or one's in-group when speaking about actions. It is often used in formal situations to show respect to the listener or the subject being discussed.
Grammar Structure:
Explanation: The humble form is created by modifying the verbs and nouns to reflect a lower position or status regarding one's actions. This is often done to elevate the listener or the person being spoken about.
Connection: The humble form is primarily used in formal situations and when one wishes to show respect to the listener or the subject. It is crucial in maintaining proper social etiquette.
Translation: It can generally be understood as "humble..." or "modest...".
私が伺います。
I will visit (humbly).
私がこれをお持ちいたします。
I will bring this (humbly).
お話しさせていただきます。
I will speak (humbly).
私の名前は山田です。
My name is Yamada (humble).
ご指摘いただき、ありがとうございます。
Thank you for your guidance (humbly).
| Ordinary Form | Humble Form |
|---|---|
| する | いたす |
| 行く | 参る |
| 来る | 参る |
| 言う | 申す |
| 食べる | いただく |
| 飲む | いただく |
| 見る | 拝見する |
| 知っている | 存じている |
| 寝る | お休みする |
| ある | ございます |
Context: The humble form is often used in business, formal communication, and when addressing superiors to show respect.
Tone: The humble form generally carries a tone of respect and deference, emphasizing one's lower position in relation to others.
The humble form is an essential grammatical structure in Japanese that conveys humility regarding one's actions or status. By modifying verbs and nouns, it enhances politeness and is especially important in formal contexts to promote respectful communication.