〜ようとする

To attempt to...; to try to...; to make an effort to...

1. Meaning

The expression "〜ようとする" is used to convey the intention or effort to perform an action. It indicates that someone is trying or attempting to do something, often implying determination or desire.

2. Overview

This structure conveys the idea that someone is making an effort to accomplish a particular action or goal. It can also imply that a person intends to do something, but that action may not yet be completed.

3. Structure

• Grammar Structure:

  • Verb (volitional form) + とする

• Explanation: This structure emphasizes the speaker's intention or effort to perform a certain action. It can be used to indicate attempts and planned actions.

4. Usage Explanation

• Connection: "〜ようとする" is commonly used in both spoken and written Japanese to describe intentions or efforts related to actions.

• Translation: It is generally translated as "to try to..." or "to attempt to...".

5. Example Sentences

1. 彼は試験に合格しようと努力している。
   He is trying hard to pass the exam.

2. 映画を見ようとしたが、時間がなかった。
   I tried to watch a movie, but I didn't have time.

3. 日本語を勉強しようとしている。
   I am attempting to learn Japanese.

4. 何かを言おうとしたが、言葉が出てこなかった。
   I wanted to say something, but I couldn't find the words.

5. 旅行に行こうとしているが、まだ計画は立てていない。
   I intend to go traveling, but I haven't made any plans yet.

6. Alternative Grammar

• 〜ようとしない: Indicates that someone does not attempt or is unwilling to perform a certain action.
  • Example: 彼は何もしたがらない。
    (He does not want to do anything.)

7. Related Grammar

• 〜つもりだ: Indicates a firm intention, generally stronger than "〜ようとする".
  • Example: 来年、留学するつもりだ。
    (I plan to study abroad next year.)

8. Points to Note

• Tone: "〜ようとする" carries a tone of intention and effort, usually reflecting the speaker's expectations or attempts.

• Context: This expression can be used in various situations to indicate attempts, intentions, or planned actions, suitable for both formal and informal contexts.

9. Summary

"〜ようとする" is a grammatical structure used to express the intention or effort to perform a certain action, indicating that someone is trying to achieve a specific goal. It is widely used in daily conversation and writing.