〜による・によって

According to...; By means of...; Due to...

1. Meaning

The expression 「〜による・によって」 is used to indicate the cause, basis, or method of something. It typically explains how an action or state occurs.

2. Overview

This structure is often used to specify a reason, means, or method, which can involve people, objects, or other factors.

3. Structure

• Grammatical Structure:

  • Noun + による
  • Noun + によって

• Explanation:

  • 「による」 generally indicates a basis or cause.
  • 「によって」 emphasizes the means or method, often used in passive forms.

4. Usage Explanation

• Connection: Commonly used in written and formal contexts, suitable for various situations.

• Translation: Generally translated as "according to...; by means of...; due to..."

5. Example Sentences

1. この結果は彼の努力によるものだ。
   This result is due to his efforts.

2. 新しい法律によって、交通規則が変更された。
   The traffic rules were changed by the new law.

3. 研究によると、運動は健康に良い。
   According to research, exercise is good for health.

4. 彼はその計画によって成功を収めた。
   He achieved success through that plan.

5. 事故は天候によるものだった。
   The accident was due to the weather.

6. Alternative Grammar

• 〜に基づいて: Indicates that something is based on a principle or standard.
  • Example: データに基づいて決定を下す。
    Make decisions based on data.

7. Related Grammar

• 〜を通じて: Indicates that something is done through a means or method.
  • Example: インターネットを通じて情報を得た。
    I obtained information through the internet.

8. Notes

• Context: 「〜による・によって」 is typically used in formal situations and is suitable for written language.

• Tone: This expression is relatively neutral and usually does not carry strong emotional connotations.

9. Summary

「〜による・によって」 is an important expression used to indicate causal relationships, bases, or means, applicable in various formal and informal contexts. It helps clarify the connections between things.