〜にもかかわらず

Despite ~; In spite of ~

1. Overview

「〜にもかかわらず」 is a grammatical structure used to express a contrast, indicating that despite a certain situation or condition, another event occurs. It emphasizes the contradiction between the expected outcome and the actual result.

2. Structure

• Noun + にもかかわらず
• Verb (plain form) + にもかかわらず
• Adjective (plain form) + にもかかわらず

3. Usage Explanation

• Function:

  • This structure is used to emphasize that even though the mentioned situation exists, the subsequent result still occurs, highlighting an unexpected or surprising outcome.

• Usage:

  • It is commonly used in written language and formal contexts to enhance the expression, emphasizing the contrast between two elements.

4. Example Sentences

1. 悪天候にもかかわらず、イベントは予定通り行われた。
   (Despite the bad weather, the event was held as scheduled.)

2. 彼は病気にもかかわらず、仕事を続けた。
   (He continued to work despite being sick.)

3. 忙しいにもかかわらず、彼女は手伝ってくれた。
   (She helped me despite being busy.)

4. 高い料金にもかかわらず、たくさんの人がそのレストランに訪れた。
   (Many people visited the restaurant despite the high prices.)

5. 彼は若いにもかかわらず、非常に経験豊富だ。
   (He is very experienced despite being young.)

5. Key Points to Note

1. Context:

   • This structure is usually used in formal or written language and is less common in casual conversation.

2. Emphasizing Contrast:

   • When using this structure, the subsequent result typically contrasts significantly with the preceding situation, emphasizing its unexpected nature.

6. Similar Grammar

• 〜のに: Also indicates contrast, but with a slightly weaker tone, applicable in a broader range of situations.
  • Example: 彼はお金がないのに、旅行に行った。
    (He went on a trip even though he had no money.)

7. Alternative Grammar

• 〜にも関わらず: A more formal expression similar to 「〜にもかかわらず」.
  • Example: 雨にも関わらず、彼は外出した。
    (He went out despite the rain.)

8. Summary

「〜にもかかわらず」 is used to emphasize that a particular result occurs despite the existence of a certain condition or situation. It is typically used in formal or written contexts to enhance the contrast and emphasis of the statement.