〜にしたがって・にしたがい

According to...; In accordance with...

1. Overview

「〜にしたがって」 and 「〜にしたがい」 are grammatical structures used to indicate that something occurs in accordance with a certain condition or principle. They express a relationship where one thing changes or develops based on another.

2. Structure

• Noun + にしたがって
• Verb (dictionary form) + にしたがって
• Adjective (plain form) + にしたがい

3. Usage Explanation

• Indicating Dependence:
  These structures are used to show that a certain result or action depends on a specific condition or principle.

• Expressing Change:
  They imply that as one element changes, another element follows suit.

• English Translation:
  They can be translated as "according to...", "in accordance with...", or "as...".

4. Example Sentences

1. 法律にしたがって、すべての手続きが行われなければならない。
   According to the law, all procedures must be followed.

2. 年齢にしたがって、体力が衰えてきた。
   As I age, my physical strength has declined.

3. 彼の指示にしたがって、作業を進めてください。
   Please proceed with the work according to his instructions.

4. 天候にしたがい、旅行の計画を変更しました。
   We changed our travel plans according to the weather.

5. 経済の変化にしたがって、企業の戦略も見直す必要がある。
   As the economy changes, companies need to reevaluate their strategies.

5. Key Points

• Formality:
  These structures are often used in formal contexts, making them suitable for reports, presentations, and official documents.

• Implied Change:
  There is an implication that the change in one aspect directly influences another.

6. Similar Grammar

• 〜に従って: Similar in meaning, emphasizing compliance with rules or guidelines.
  • Example: 規則に従って行動してください。
    Please act in accordance with the rules.

7. Alternative Grammar

• 〜によって: Indicates a cause or reason, often used interchangeably depending on the context.
  • Example: この決定は経験によってなされた。
    This decision was made based on experience.

8. Summary

The structures「〜にしたがって」 and 「〜にしたがい」 are used to express that actions or results occur in accordance with certain conditions or principles, highlighting a dependent relationship. They are commonly used in formal situations to indicate how changes follow specific guidelines or circumstances.