〜つつも

Although...; While...

1. Overview

「〜つつも」 is a grammatical structure used to express a contrast between two actions or states, indicating that while one action is happening, another is also occurring, often with an implication of contradiction or concession.

2. Structure

• Verb (ます form) + つつも

3. Usage Explanation

• Expressing Contrast:
  This structure highlights a situation where one action is taking place despite another action or state being true, emphasizing the contradiction between the two.

• Indicating Concession:
  It often carries a nuance of concession, suggesting that the first action does not prevent or negate the second action.

• English Translation:
  It can be translated as "although...", "while...", or "even though...".

4. Example Sentences

1. 忙しいつつも、彼は手伝ってくれた。
   Although he was busy, he helped me.

2. 寒いつつも、外で遊びたい。
   Even though it's cold, I want to play outside.

3. 知識が足りないつつも、挑戦してみる。
   Although I lack knowledge, I will try to challenge myself.

4. 疲れているつつも、最後まで頑張った。
   While I was tired, I persevered until the end.

5. 失敗したつつも、次はうまくいくと信じている。
   Even though I failed, I believe I will succeed next time.

5. Key Points to Note

• Formal Context:
  「〜つつも」 is often used in more formal writing or speech.

• Nuance:
  It conveys a sense of resilience or determination in the face of obstacles.

6. Similar Grammar

• 〜ながら: Indicates simultaneous actions or states but without the same nuance of contradiction.
  • Example: 音楽を聴きながら勉強する。
    I study while listening to music.

7. Alternative Grammar

• 〜けれども: Used to express contrast but is more straightforward.
  • Example: 寒いけれども、外に出たい。
    It's cold, but I want to go outside.

8. Summary

「〜つつも」 is used to express a contrast between two actions or states, indicating that one action occurs while another is true. It often conveys a sense of concession and is commonly found in formal contexts.