〜すら

Even...; not even...

1. Overview

「〜すら」 is a Japanese expression used to emphasize that, in a particular situation, even the most basic or minimal thing does not hold true. It is typically used to express extreme negation or emphasis.

2. Structure

• Grammar Structure:

  • Noun + すら
  • Verb (dictionary form) + すら
  • Adjective + すら

• Explanation:

  • 「すら」 means "even..." and is used to emphasize the extremity of a certain situation, usually in conjunction with a negative form.

3. Usage Explanation

• Connection: It can only be attached to nouns, verbs, or adjectives to indicate that, in a certain situation, even the most basic content cannot be realized.

• Usage: This grammar is commonly used in both spoken and written language to emphasize negative situations or extremity.

• Translation: Typically translated as “even...” or “not even...”.

4. Alternative Grammar

• 〜さえ: Also used to indicate "even...", but the tone is generally lighter.

5. Similar Grammar

• 〜さえ: Similar to 「すら」, indicating extreme situations, but slightly less forceful in tone.
• 〜ともなると: Indicates situations that arise when something reaches a certain level, emphasizing change.

6. Key Points to Note

• Context: 「すら」 is generally used for emphasis and negation and is suitable for both spoken and written language, though care should be taken with tone in formal situations.

• Degree of Emphasis: It emphasizes the extreme nature of a certain state and is often used with negative forms.

7. Example Sentences

1. 彼は日本語すら話せない。
   He can't even speak Japanese.

2. その問題は小学生ですら解けない。
   That problem can't even be solved by elementary school students.

3. 彼女は友達すらいない。
   She doesn't even have friends.

4. その映画は見る価値すらない。
   That movie isn't even worth watching.

5. このレポートは内容すら理解できない。
   I can't even understand the content of this report.

8. Summary

「〜すら」 is a way to emphasize that, in a specific situation, even the most basic content cannot be realized. It is often used to express strong negation and emphasis and is applicable in various contexts to highlight the extreme nature of things.