〜んがため

In order to...; With the intent to...

1. Overview

「〜んがため」 is a formal and literary expression used to indicate a strong intent or determination to achieve a particular goal. It emphasizes purpose and determination and is typically used in written language, often to convey a sense of effort or sacrifice.

2. Structure

1. Verb (ない-form, minus ない) + んがため
   This structure attaches to the verb stem, where "ない" is removed and replaced with "んがため."

   Exceptions:

   • For verbs ending in 「する」 (e.g., "勉強する"), the form becomes 「せんがため」 instead of 「しんがため」.

3. Usage Explanation

• Indicates strong purpose or intent:
  This expression highlights a determined effort to achieve a specific goal, often with a sense of effort, sacrifice, or even adversity.

• Formal and literary tone:
  Since it’s rarely used in spoken language, 「〜んがため」 gives a sentence a sophisticated, formal, or literary feel.

• English translation:
  It can be translated as "in order to..." or "with the intent to..."

4. Example Sentences

1. 彼は夢を叶えんがために、毎日努力を続けている。
   He continues to work hard every day in order to achieve his dream.

2. 会社を守らんがために、彼は全力を尽くした。
   He put forth all his effort to protect the company.

3. 真実を明らかにせんがため、彼は証拠を集めた。
   He gathered evidence with the intent to reveal the truth.

4. 国を発展させんがために、彼は新しい政策を打ち出した。
   In order to develop the country, he proposed new policies.

5. 家族の幸せを守らんがために、彼は日夜働き続けた。
   To protect his family's happiness, he continued to work day and night.

5. Key Points to Note

• High level of formality:
  This phrase is rarely used in conversation and is typically reserved for written or literary contexts.

• Sense of sacrifice or dedication:
  The expression often implies significant dedication, sacrifice, or strong determination in pursuit of a goal.

6. Similar Grammar

• 〜ために: This is a more common and less formal expression to indicate purpose.
  • Example: 彼は夢を叶えるために、努力している。
    He is working hard to achieve his dream.

7. Alternative Grammar

• 〜んがためにして: Another variant often used to indicate actions or preparations taken specifically to achieve a goal, with a similar tone of formality.

8. Summary

「〜んがため」 is used to express strong purpose, determination, or sacrifice toward a goal, often lending a formal and literary tone to the sentence. It is best suited for written contexts and situations where dedication and intent are emphasized.