〜極まりない・〜きわまる

Extremely; To the utmost; To the limit

1. Overview

「〜極まりない」 and 「〜きわまる」 are used to describe an extreme degree of something, usually with a negative connotation. It indicates that something has reached an excessive or unacceptable level. 「〜極まりない」 is often used in more formal or written contexts, while 「〜きわまる」 is a more general form.

2. Structure

1. Noun + 極まりない
   Used to express that something is extremely, excessively, or to the utmost degree.

2. Verb (stem form) + 極まりない
   Used to express an extreme degree of an action, often indicating an unacceptable level.

3. Noun + 極まる
   Used to express that something has reached its extreme or limit, often in a negative or critical sense.

3. Usage Explanation

• To express an extreme degree of something:
  These expressions are used to emphasize that something has reached an extreme level. They are often used to criticize or describe something that has exceeded an acceptable boundary.

• With a negative connotation:
  Both structures usually carry a negative nuance, suggesting something undesirable or inappropriate.

• English translation:
  Can be translated as “extremely,” “to the utmost,” or “to the limit,” often with a negative implication.

4. Example Sentences

1. 彼の態度は失礼極まりない。
   His attitude is extremely rude.

2. こんなことをするなんて、愚か極まりない。
   Doing something like this is incredibly foolish.

3. あのような言動は許し難き極まりない。
   Such behavior is absolutely unacceptable.

4. この映画は退屈極まりない。
   This movie is extremely boring.

5. 彼の言い訳は不誠実極まりない。
   His excuse is extremely insincere.

5. Key Points to Note

• Negative Nuance:
  Both expressions typically carry a negative tone, emphasizing that something has reached an unacceptable level.

• Formal and Written Usage:
  「〜極まりない」 is more commonly found in formal or written contexts, while 「〜極まる」 is slightly more general and can be used in both spoken and written language.

6. Similar Grammar

• 〜に堪えない: Used to express something that is unbearable or cannot be tolerated.
  • Example: この映画はつまらなすぎて、見るに堪えない。
    This movie is so boring that it’s unbearable to watch.

7. Alternative Grammar

• 〜でしかない: Used to express that something is nothing more than an extreme or limited version of something.
  • Example: あれはただの遊びでしかない。
    That is nothing but a game.

8. Summary

「〜極まりない」 and 「〜きわまる」 are used to describe something that has reached an extreme level, usually with a negative implication. These expressions emphasize the excessive nature of something, whether it be an attitude, action, or situation, and they are often used to criticize or express dissatisfaction with the subject.